Garbage furnace or crematory.



No. 724,898. ,PATENTBD APR, 7, 190s.

E. J. LITTLE, G. BRBYMANN an D. G. SHAW.

GARBAGE PURNAGE 0R CREMATORY.

APFL'IOATION FILED NOV. 10,'1900. N0 MODEL. 2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

PATENTBD APR. 7, 190s.-

GARBAGETURNAGB 0R GREMATORY.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 10. 1900.

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N0 MODEL.

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YHE NCRRISPETES C0,PHOTOLIH.WS CALC UNITED STATES.

PATENT EEICE.

EUGENE J. LITTLE, GEORGE H. BEEYMANN, AND DANIEL c. SHAW, OE TOLEDO, OHIO.

GARBAGE FURNACE OR CREMATORY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters. Patent No. 724,898, dated April 7, 1.963.

Application filed November 10,` 1900I l Serial No. 36,011-v (No modem .To all whom it may conceive.-

Be it known that we, EUGENE J. LITTLE,

GEORGE H. BREYMANN,-and DANIEL C. SHAW, citizens of the United States, residing at Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Garbage Furnaces or Crematories; and we do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable Others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the figures of reference marked thereon, which form a par of this specification.

Ourinvention relates to that class of incinerating-furnaces which is employed for the reduction of garbage, refuse, dead animals, night-soil, and the like; and its object' is provide a simple, compact,'and efficient means for the complete and economical combustion of such substances 4and for the deodorization of the gases and products of combustion in such manner that the receiving, the storing, the drying, and the burning of the garbage shallbe entirely sanitary.

The further objects of our invention are to provide means for drying the garbage to be burned, so that the garbage will itself serve as fuel for its own evaporation and reduction, for the rapid evaporation of Water and other fluids, and for feeding to the furnace atV such points and in such quantities as may be desired the dried or partly-dried substances to be consumed.

Our crematory is also designed to utilize the main f urnace-res as a meansforevaporating the iiuids of the garbage to be consumed and for treating the vapors from such iiuids in such manner as to further vaporize, convert, and consume said vapors and to free them from stench.

Our device is designed to provide a maximum of capacity With a minimum of ground or floor space occupied.' To this end the principal chambers and passages of our furnace are placed one above another,'resulting in a narrow elongated structure. The Walls of this structure are of fire-brick. The side walls sustain the lateral thrust of the various arches.

The further objectof our invention is to proL vide, in connection with the device here indicated, a metal shell or jacket for the walls of our crematory, having a system of external braces and stays, by means of which the Whole structure is rendered extremely rigid and durable, dispensing with internal stay-rods, which soon burn away, and which will permit renewals and repairs of burnedout portions without disturbing the remain; der of the structure.

The crematory hereinafter described re lates to that class of Crematories shown and described in our pending application for a patent, filed June 15, 1899, Serial No. 720,613, and is designed as'an improvement thereon.

We attain the objects above referred to by vmeans of the construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter described, and shown and illustrated in the accompanying drawings', in Which#- Figure l is a vertical central longitudinal sectional elevation of our crematory; Fig. 2, a transverse section of the same'on line A A, Fig. l; Fig, 3, the same on line B B; Fig. 4, the same on line C C; Fig. 5, the same on line D D; Fig. 6, the same on line E E; Fig. 7, the same on line F F; Fig. S, a side elevation of the same; Fig. 9, an enlarged transverse sectional elevation of the sheet-metal shell for our furnace; Fig. 10, a top plan view of a portion of the same; Fig. l1, a perspective view of a portion of said shell,

vshowing in detail. the'arrangement of the metal sheets, the buckstays, and the bottom cross-braces hereinafter referred to and Fig. 12, an enlarged horizontal section on line G G, Fig. 9. A

Like numerals of reference indicate like parts throughout the drawings.

In th'e drawings, 1 is the base or bed of the furnace; 2 2, the elongated vertical side walls thereof; 3, the front end Wall, and 4 the rear end Wall. Above the bed or base lis a longitudinal flue or passage 5. Above the passage 5 are transversely disposed the bars of the grate 6. Above this grate is the arched roof 7 of the main combustion furnace, which arch springs from and is supported upon the side walls, as illustrated in Figs. 2 to 5, inclusive. The space between the grate IOO 6 and the arch 7 constitutes the main longitudinal combustion-chamber 8. 9 is the top arch, of fire-brick, springing from and extending between the two side walls, as illustrated in the transverse sectional drawings, there being a considerable distance between the two arches 7 and 9. Above the arch 9 is the upper door of our crematory, so arranged that carts and wagons may, if desired, be driven thereon and having therein a series of openings 11, which extend through the arch 9, which openings are provided with trap-doors 113. These trap-doors are arranged at convenient intervals along the length of the furnace and are designed to permit the introduction of garbage, dto., into the chamber 12, just beneath the arch 9, which chamber constitutes a receiving,evapo rating, and drying chamber.

Above the arch 7 and supported thereby are two fines 13, one at either side of the furnace and running the length thereof. These fines have for their bottom the arch 7, for their outer sides the side walls 2, for their inner sides upright walls 14, and for their top the shortarches orinclined walls 15, supported by the side walls and the uprights 14 and forming part of the Hoor or bottom of the chamber 12.

4 is a cross-wall near the end wall 4, and .between these two walls are furnaces 16 and 17, one above the other, which are fed through furnace-door 16a and 17 in the side wall. From the fire-box of the furnace 1G leads an aperture 16' into passage 5 beneath the gratebars. From the fire-box of the furnace 17 leads an aperture 17b into the chamber S above the grate-bars 6. It will be seen that the llame and hot gases from the furnace 16 pass beneath theV grate-bars and that from the furnace 17 they pass above the grate-bars longitudinally the length of the furnace. At the opposite end of the grate 6 the two passages 5 and 8 unite behind a bridge-wall 6 in a common passage 18, which leads upwardly between the end wall 3and the adjacentcrosswall 3 into the open ends ofthe ues 13, which at their front end are open and connected directly with the passage 18.

In the space between the end wall 3 and the cross-wall 3 is a supplemental furnace 3b, having grate-bars 3c, located a short distance below the point where the passage 18 leads through the cross-wall 3a. Directly above this openingr is a series of stench-bars 3d, disposed in the path of the flames from the three furnaces 1G, 17, and 3l. These stench-bars are of fire-clay or fire-brick or other refractory material. The furnace 3" is provided with stoking-doors and ash-doors 3d.

Inclosed by end wall 4, cross-wall 4, arch 7, and arch 9 is a chamber 19, into which lead the two ues 13through openings 13a in the cross-wall. In the chamber 1f) is a horizontal partition 19% In the space between, this partition and the arch 7 are a series of vertical fire-clay pipes or tubes 19", open at both ends, and at bottom passing through the arch 7 above the furnace 17 and at top passing through the partition 19. In the top of the chamber 19 is a trap-door 11b, through which access is obtained to the interior of the chamber and through which renewals and repairs of the pipes or tubes 19b may be made. Leading through the wall Ltfrom the top compartment of the chamber 19 is an opening 19C, in which is a damper 19d. When this damper is closed, the upper compartment of the chamber 19 is a space through which there is no circulation. When the damper is open, flame from furnace 17 will pass through the tubes, by which means the tubes are readily cleaned. From the lower compartment of the chamber 19 leads an opening, flue, or conduit 2O into the stack or chimney 21.

Between the two fines 13 13 is a floor for the drying-chamber 12, consisting of plates 23, formed, preferably,of cast-iron and shaped as shallow pans or basins'. These pans are elevated above the top of the arch 7. The flues13 at opposite sides of the pans have openings which lead into the space beneath the pans, as illustrated in Fig. 3. By this means the heated gases and products of combustion circulate between the filles from side to side and beneath the pans. A series of openings 25 communicates between the drying-chamber 12 and the combustion-chamber 8. These openings are closed by means of trap-doors or covers 24. Chains or rods 24", connected with the trap-doors 24 and leading up through the top arch 9, aord convenient means for raisingthe trap-doors and lowering them into place. The openings 11 into the drying-chamber are directly above the plates or pans 23, and the openings 25 from the drying-champer into the combustionchamber S alternate with the pans 23 and arc midway between the openings 11.

In the end wall 3 are flues or passages 26, which at top open into the drying-chamber 12, as at 26, and which at bottom open into the furnace 3b, as at 2Gb.

In the side walls are doors 5 and 8 on a level with the passages or chambers 5 and 8, respectively, by means of which these chambers are accessible whenever necessary.

The side walls and top of our crematory are inclosed in a sheet-metal casing, preferably sheet-steel. This casing is made up of arched sections 27, which are preferably built up of overlapping plates riveted together, as in boiler construction, and which will be linderstood without further illustration. Through these various sections are openings for the doors hereinbefore referred to. The sections 27 meet edge to edge and are secured together by means of two L-shaped angle-bars 2S, one branch of each of the angle-bars being riveted to the plates 27, as at 29. The other branches of the angle-bars which are thus arranged in pairs have just suliicient space between them to receive edgewise a stiffening-plate 30. The pairs of angle-bars and IOO IIC

the stiffening-plate are rigidly secured together by rivets passing through the three members, as at 3l. The stiening-plates 30 extend from near the bottom of the shell to near the point from which springs the top arch. vThe angle-bars 28 are in two pieces and extend from the bottom of the side Walls to the center of the top arch, where they meet. (See Figs. 9 and 10.) Between the outwardly-projecting iianges of these two angle-bars at their meeting-point is fitted a plate 32, which overlaps the ends of both angle-bars, and the meeting ends of the anglebars and the plate 32 are securely riveted together, as illustratedin Figs. 9 and 10. Those portions of the outwardly-projecting flanges of the angle-bars which are not secured to the plates 30 and 32 are held in proper relation to each other by means of interposed washers 33, a rivet passing through both flanges and the washer.

34 34 are a series of bottom cross-braces ing upon the foundation-walls of the structure. cross-brace 34, the braces being disposed at the ljoints formed by the meeting sections and the angle-bars. Each cross-brace is provided near each extremity on its upper side with an upwardly-projecting cross-web 35, beyond which the longitudinal web of the plate does not extend. Thus there is formed at each end of the cross-*brace a plain flat plate, upon which the ends of the pairs of angle-bars rest. The lower ends of the anglebars and the sections 27 are secured to the cross-webs 35 by means `of bolts and nuts, as at 36.

1t will be seen that by the construction here described the metal arch is solidly mounted and secured and preventedfrom spreading at bottom by means of the metal braceplate 34. 1t will also be seen that by means of the angle-bars 34 and the interposed braceplates 30 powerful buckstays are' formed, which will prevent the brickwork of the side walls of the furnace from yielding to the lateral thrust of the arches and gratos supported thereon.

The operationof our device is as follows: The material to be burned is thrown through doors 1l into the chamber 12, the Water and fluids settling into the pans 23. Fires are builtin the furnaces 16, 17, and 3b. The flame and hot gases from the furnaces 16 and 17 pass both over and under the bars 6, meeting in the passage 18, thence passing into and through the supplemental furnace 3b, thence through the series of stench-bars 3d. The flame and gases now divide and pass through the'lues 13 into the chamber 19 and thence out through aperture 2O into the smoke-stack. The walls of the flues become very hot and the garbage resting thereon soon becomes dry and fit for fuel. The -gaseswhich circulate between the lines beneath the pans cause the iiuids which have settled into thepans to be For each pair of sections 27 there is a rapidly evaporated. As the vapors of evaporation ascend they are drawn into the openings 26, down through the fines or passages 26, and out into the furnace at 26". Here the vapors from the chamber 1 2 join the flame and gases from the furnaces 16 and 17 and are carried along the lines and out through the smoke-stack. The stench-bars 39 are maintained at a white heat by the furnace 3b, and the vapors, gases, and fumes which pass through the stench-bars are converted and deodorized.

The vertical pipes or tubes 19, which are connected with and removably supported on the arch 7, are exposed to the intense heat of the furnace 17 and reach a high temperature, so that when the gases and products of combustion are discharged from the two iiues 13 into the chamber 19 they are again reheated and further converted and deodorized and pass into the stack. At this point air may f be admitted through door 19e to aid combusinverted-T shape in cross-section and restl tion.

Y Unless the garbage contains an excess of uids the stoking of the furnaces 16 and 17 may after the furnace becomes thoroughly heated be discontinued, as the garbage will evaporate and dry so rapidly as to furnish fuel for its own incineration. The dry garbage is fed into the combustion-chamber 8 through the openings 25, the lids 24 being raised for this purpose. The greater part of the heaps of garbage deposited directly beneath the trap-doors 11 will by'reason of their slope and gravity fall through the openings 25. The remainder of the garbage in the heaps may be fed into the furnaceS, and the pans may be cleaned out by means of forks passed down through the top openings.

IOO

The garbage-furnace here described is de` signed more particularlyfor. use in large establishments, and by reason of its compact and regular form is found to be well adapted for construction and use in groups orbatteries. VIn smaller Crematories for the two furnaces 16 17 may be substituted a single furnace disposed in such fashion that its divided iiame will traverse both the chambers 5 and 8.

IIO

. Having described our invention, what we l nected with said middle passage at its inlet,

return -Iiues in said receiving 'and drying chamber leading to the stack, a passage connecting the outlet ends of said bottom and middle passages with the inlet ends of said return-dues, a supplemental or reheating furnace in said connecting-passage, stench-bars above said latter furnace, and -flues leading from the upper chamber into said supplemental furnace and beneath the stench-bars.

2. In a garbage-furnace, three horizontal parallel chambers disposed one above the other, means for heating thelower two at their inlet ends, return-fines in the upper chamber, a connecting-passage between the returnflues and the outlet ends of said two lower chambers, a supplemental or reheating furnace in said connecting-passage, and ues leading from said upper chamber and discharging into said supplemental or reheating furnace.

3. In a garbage-furnace, a receiving and drying chamber, a combustion-chamber beneath said receiving and drying chamber, flues leading through the receiving and drying chamber and connected with a stack, a supplemental or reheating furnace intermediate the combustion-chamber and said dues and in the path of the gases from the combustion-chamber, a series of stench-bars above said latter furnace, and flues leading from the receiving and drying chamber into said latter furnace and beneath the stench-bars.

4. In a garbage-furnace, an elongated receiving and drying chamber, a furnace, dues in said chamber to conduct the products of combustion from the furnace to a stack, a series of transverse connections between said fines, and a series of evaporating-pans forming covers for said transverse connections.

5. In agarbage-furnace, a combustionchamber, a furnace therefor, an arch above the furnace, a chamber above the furnace and having for its floor said arch, a series of pipes or tubes of refractory material disposed in said chamber and connected with said arch, whereby said pipes or tubes are heated by the furnace through the arch, and means for conveying the products of combustion from said furnace into and through said chamber and among said pipes or tubes.

6. In a garbage-furnace, three parallel horizontal passages disposed in the same vertical plane, a furnace at the inlet end of said two lower chambers, return-flues in the upper chamber, a passage leading from the two lower chambers into said return-dues, a supplemental or reheating furnace in said passage, a series of stench-bars in said passage above said supplemental or reheating furnace, and stench-tubes at the outlet end of said filles, said latter stench-tubes being disposed immediately above said first-mentioned furnace.

7. In a garbage furnace, an elongated chamber formed by side walls, end walls, a top and a bottom, a metal casing for the sides and top comprising a series of rectangular elongated sheets of metal disposed transversely of the furnace, a pair of angle-bars at the adjacent edges of each pair ofv sheets, a vertical brace-plate disposed edgewise between the adjacent faces of the angle-bars, and means for securing said sheets, anglebars and braceplates in fixed relation to each other.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

EUGENE J. LITTLE. GEO. H. BREYMANN. DANIEL C. SHAW.v

Witnesses:

F. M. DOTsoN, L. BROWN. 

